I would say the reason is quite different here, Sergio
josper04, the microUSB connector you're connecting your device to only supports USB device mode (see USB section of the Intel® Edison Arduino Board Hardware Guide for details), so it won't recognize any peripheral devices there - it's the Edison itself who acts as a peripheral in this case.
To have your microphone (rather - USB sound card I see on your photo) recognized you need to plug it into that full-size USB A port near the power plug (don't forget to flip the small mechanical switch closer to it, to activate).
Try connecting it like that and post the same output you posted initially (which is BTW exactly what is needed to start troubleshooting this sort of issue - kudos for formulating the question properly).
